Unit 1 English Study Guide

Know the 4 kinds of sentences.

Declarative- makes a statement. Ends with a period. “My dog’s name is Jake.”

Exclamatory- shows strong feeling. Ends with an exclamation mark. “How scary this is!”

Imperative- gives a command or makes a request.Ends with a period. “ Please make your bed.”

Interrogative- asks a question. Ends with a question mark. “Do you have a CD player?”

There are 3 kinds of subjects:

Simple- whom or what the sentence is about.

Complete- contains all of the words in the subject. Simply, the NOUN and any descriptive words that go with it.

Compound- Two or more simple subjects that share the same predicate, and are joined together by a conjunction.

 

Example- “The voters elected a new mayor.”

VOTERS is the simple subject.

THE VOTERS is the complete subject.

Compound example- “The boys and girls played ball.”

Boys and girls is the compound subject.

“BOYS, GIRLS” are the two simple subjects that share the predicate “played” and “and” is the conjunction that joins them together.

 

There are 3 kinds of predicates

Simple- the VERB that tells what the subject did, has, or is.

Complete- contains the verb and all the words in the predicate.

Compound- Two or more simple predicates that share the same subject, and are joined together by a conjunction.

Example-“The shortstop threw the ball to second base.”

THREW is the simple predicate.

THREW THE BALL TO SECOND BASE is the complete predicate.

Compound example- “The crowd laughed and talked.”

“LAUGHED, TALKED” are the simple predicates that share the subject “crowd” and “and” is the conjunction that joins them together.

YOU (UNDERSTOOD)is the subject of an IMPERATIVE sentence.

Example- “Turn on the water.”

Who or what is the sentence about?It is telling YOU (the person or thing that is being spoken to) to turn on the water.

STORY ELEMENTS

  1. PLOT- has a beginning, middle, and end that center around a problem and how the problem is solved. It is a series of events.

 

  1. CHARACTER- The people, animals, and things that the story is centered around.

 

  1. SETTING- the time, place, and environment in which the story takes place.

Know the parts of and how to use a thesaurus. (pg. 16-17 in your book)

Memorize Helping/Linking Verbs:

A: am, are

B: be, being, been

C: can, could

D: do, did, does

H: have, has, had

I: is

M: may, might

S: shall, should

W: was, were, will, would

Memorize the quotation rules below:

1. to show a person’s exact words.(The teacher said, “Start writing.”)

2.   to show titles of articles in newspapers & magazines. (article: “Dow Hits 10,000” by Alan Greenspan)

3.   to show titles of chapter titles in books, short stories, & essays. (Chapter title: “Getting Started” was the first chapter in the book. Short story: “The Tortoise and the Hare”)

4. to show plays, movies, songs, & poem titles. (movie: “The Lion King” song: “Old MacDonald” poem: “Dreams”)

5. to show episodes of radio or TV shows ( “Opie’s First Bike”from The Andy Griffith Show)

6. to set off special words & phrases, including slang & non-standard English. (Wilma Rudolph’s nickname was “Skeeter.”)

 

Memorize the end mark rules below:

  1. End declarative & imperative sentences with a period. (The dog ran.Hand me the book.)
  2. A period follows MOST abbreviations.  (Ave. St.Dec.Dr.  Mrs.)
  3. Initials are followed by a period.  (J.F. Kennedy)
  4. Use periods after numbers in a list.  1. milk  2.bread  3.  eggs)
  5. An interrogative sentence is followed by a question mark. (Can you help me?)
  6. An exclamation mark ends an exclamatory sentence. (I won! )
  7. Use exclamation marks to separate an interjection from a sentence. (Hooray!I won the game.)
  8. Use exclamation points to end strong imperative sentence. (Get away from the fire!)
  9. An exclamation mark shows strong emotion or surprise. (I refuse to pick up your mess!)
  10. Use exclamation marks to emphasize words or to give an order. ( Clean up your room!)