U.S. History

Chapter 9-3

 

Read each statement and correct any error in the space below the statements.

 

  1. Few Americans believed that their troops would make a difference in the war.

 

  1. More people were killed by artillery fire than any other weapons in World War I.

 

  1. To protect themselves from artillery, troops began moving around quickly from

 

       place to place.

 

  1. To prevent the enemy from overrunning the trenches, troops relied upon a new

 

      weapon, the armored tank.

 

  1. The space between the opposing trenches was called no-man’s-land.

 

  1. Before charging enemy trenches, troops fixed swords –long knives- to their rifles.

 

  1. At the Battle of Gallipoli, the Germans stopped the Russian invasion.

 

  1. In December, 1916, at the Battle of Somme, a massive German attack was

 

       stopped by the French troops.

 

  1. Poison gas was first used as a weapon at the Battle of Tannenberg.

 

  1. Tanks revolutionized warfare in World War I.

 

  1. World War I marked the first use of aircraft in war.  They were used throughout

 

       the war as scouts to spy on enemy troops.

 

  1. Battles between the aircrafts were known as catfights.

 

  1. The average life expectancy of a World War I pilot was about two months.

 

  1. Less than a million American troops fought in World War I.

 

  1. The American soldiers were nicknamed the “yanks”.

 

  1. Only two American troopships were sunk on their way to Europe.

 

  1. Convoys of ships traveled across the Atlantic protected by battleships.

 

  1. In March, 1917, Czar Nicholas I abdicated his throne and Russia and this marked

 

       the beginning of the French Revolution.

 

  1. In the same year, the Bolshevik Party led by Joseph Stalin, overthrew the

 

      provisional government and established a Communist government.

 

20.  Examples of new technology developed during World War I,

 

(1)   ______________­­­­­­­­_____ forced troops to build trenches for protection.

 

(2)   __________________made it difficult to capture enemy trenches

 

(3)   ___________ were immune to gunfire and were able to smash barbed wire.

 

(4)   _______________forced troops to carry gas masks for protection.

 

(5)   _______________ could drop small bombs on trenches from overhead.

 

  1. On March 3, 1918, Russia signed the Brest-Lipgloss Treaty with the United States

 

      and agreed to fight until the end of World War I.

 

  1. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe was General

 

      John J. Pershing.

 

  1. When Americans arrived in Europe they agreed to fight as replacement troops

 

       under British and French commanders.

 

  1. In their first major offensive of the war, American troops captured the village of

 

      Chateau-Thierry, and then blocked the German drive on Cantigny.

 

  1. The last major battle of the war took place at the Meuse-Argonne from

 

      September to November of 1920.

 

  1. Alvin York, the hero of Meuse-Argonne was from North Carolina.

 

  1. On November 9, 1918, Germany signed an armistice, and the fighting stopped on

 

      11/11/11.

 

  1. After the war, delegates from 57 nations met in France and drew up the Treaty of

 

            Paris to end the war.

 

  1. The “big Four” in the negotiations were, President Roosevelt of the U.S., British

 

      Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, French Premier George Clemenceau, and

 

       Italian Prime Minister Bernito Mussoini.

 

  1. Representatives from Russia were invited but did not attend, and the Allied

 

       leaders formally recognized Lenin’s government.

 

  1. Wilson’s plan for peace was known as the Fourteen Points and were based on the

 

        principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities.

 

  1. In the first five points Wilson proposed to eliminate the causes of war through

 

       trade, freedom of the seas, armaments, and closed diplomacy.

 

  1. The fourteenth point called for a creation of a league of nations and Wilson

 

       considered it to be the least important of all the points.

 

  1. Reparations were charged by Germany against the Allies totaled $33 billion.

 

  1. Nine new nations were formed after the war, they were: Austria, Russia,

 

      Czechoslovakia, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, and Poland.

 

  1. President Wilson was confident that the American people would support the

 

      Treaty but Congress rejected it. 

 

  1. One group of senators nicknamed the “untouchables” refused to support the treaty

 

       under any circumstance.

 

  1. Another group known as the “Reservationists” led by Alfred Mahan, would

 

      support the treaty if changes were made to the League of Nations.

  1. Reservationists argued that the League of Nations could force us into a war

           without Presidential approval.